Evaluating the role of sustainable agriculture practices in reduction of CO2 emissions in developing nations

Efficient Use of Water Management, Irrigated land, Agroforestry Development,Organic Fertilizer and Organic Farming are the factors which influence CO2 emission The study aims to analyse the long-term influence of efficient water management, irrigated land, agroforestry development, organic fertiliser, and organic farming on CO2 emissions in developing countries. The study employed the PMG-ARDL model covering the time from 2001 to 2021. According to the findings, efficient water management, irrigated land, agroforestry development, organic fertiliser use, and organic farming exhibit significant negative long-run effects on CO2 emissions in developing countries. Furthermore, efficient water management, irrigated land, and agroforestry development show a negative and significant short-run influence on CO2 emissions. However, organic fertiliser and organic farming have an insignificant influence on CO2 emissions. The present study emphasised that the practices of sustainable agriculture can contain the release of greenhouse gases. The government in developing countries should adopt high-level climate progressive farming practices, equality in resource use, and marketing of sustainable products. Building an efficient agricultural market that is emission-resistant and capable of feeding future generations will require multifaceted initiatives supported by funding, research, and mutual assistance. Several diagnostic tests, including panel unit root and cointegration analyses, were conducted to ensure the robustness of the empirical results. However, the findings should be interpreted with consideration of data limitations and potential heterogeneity across developing countries.