Modal ya in Basque Spanish, Andean Spanish, and Judeo-Spanish: Accounting for contact-induced change

This article analyzes the modal functions of the adverb ya in three Spanish contact varieties: Basque Spanish in the Basque Autonomous Community, Andean Spanish in contact with Quechua in Ecuador, and Judeo-Spanish in Turkey and the Balkans. Using the four-step methodology proposed by Mougeon, Nadasdi, and Rehner, the study evaluates whether innovative uses of modal ya can be empirically treated as contact-induced change. This Zenodo record deposits an author manuscript / resubmission draft of the article. The version of record was published in the International Journal of the Linguistic Association of the Southwest, 32(1), 101-140.