A Galvanostatic Strategy to Modulate ECL-RET in MnO ₂ –Polypyrrole–Polyluminol Nanohybrids for Signal-On Sensing of Glutathione

NPs/PPy-PL/GCE gradually recovered upon incubation with the linearly increased concentration of GSH from 5 nM to 5 μM, and the calculated LOD and LOQ were 0.12 nM and 0.36 nM, respectively. The proposed sensor displays an excellent anti-interference ability and successfully demonstrates the sensing of GSH in human serum samples, which shows a good recovery percentage from 102% to 104%. The superior sensing performance of the proposed signal-on solid-state ECL-RET sensor methodology provides a promising potential for clinical diagnostics.