Structure‐Driven Smart Textiles for Self‐Powered Wearable Systems

Smart textiles are increasingly transitioning from passive substrates into structurally engineered, self‐powered systems, driving the next generation of wearable technologies. Although significant advances have been reviewed in terms of materials and device performance, a structure‐centric perspective that systematically connects textile hierarchy to autonomous system integration remains underdeveloped. This review presents a structure‐driven perspective on these autonomous platforms, emphasizing the hierarchical translation of functional materials into fiber‐, yarn‐, and fabric‐level architectures. We examine on‐body energy harvesting strategies, including biomechanical, environmental, and biochemical mechanisms, discussing how their performance is governed by textile‐compatible structural design. Recent research has begun to investigate multisource hybrid architectures and system‐level codesign, integrating complementary energy modalities with textile‐compatible storage and circuit elements. Harvested energy is directly coupled with self‐powered interfaces for multimodal physiological monitoring and therapeutic interventions, such as controlled drug release and intelligent wound care. Despite substantial progress, key translational barriers persist, including durability under cyclic deformation and laundering, long‐term biocompatibility, and scalable manufacturing. To address these challenges, we propose an application‐driven codesign framework that unifies materials science, textile engineering, and system electronics. By aligning structural engineering with real‐world functional requirements, smart textiles are poised to transition from laboratory prototypes to reliable, self‐sustaining wearable platforms.