A Comprehensive Review of Bio-inspired and Artificial Intelligence Algorithms for Various Lung Diseases Detection

In the world, millions of people are affected by lung disease. Some lung-related diseases include Pneumonia, tumors, Cancer, Asthma, Tuberculosis, and Pulmonary Emphysema. Various diagnostic techniques are employed to identify such diseases, including CXR, CT, MRI, PET scan, biopsy, and pulmonary function tests. It causes symptoms such as cough, fever, chest pain, breathing difficulties, weight loss, and fatigue. This research is mainly focused on Pneumonia, tumors, and Pulmonary Emphysema. Bacteria, Viruses, and Fungi mainly cause pneumonia. It is an inflammatory disease that primarily affects the lung air sacs. A lung tumor is an abnormal cell growth in the lung. It may be benign (Non-cancerous) or Malignant (Cancerous). Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is a form of Pulmonary Emphysema. It damages the alveoli, resulting in reduced lung elasticity and reduced ability to exhale. These illnesses are identified through Bio-inspired and Artificial Intelligence algorithms. The limited set of Bio-inspired algorithms comprises Swarm Intelligence-Based, Evolutionary, and Swarm-Based Metaheuristics, as well as Population-Based Stochastic Optimization Algorithms. Some of the Artificial Intelligence Algorithms are Deep Learning (DL), Machine Learning (ML), Clustering Algorithm, and Image Enhancement Algorithm. Early diagnosis of these diseases helps people save lives.