From polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) to polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS): implications for family medicine

Polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS), the newly proposed name for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), reflects the multisystemic nature of a complex con­di­tion with reproductive, metabolic, cardiovascular and psychological implications. The recent international con­sen­sus recommending this nomenclature change aims to align terminology with current knowledge regarding the patho­phy­sio­logy and clinical impact of the syndrome. In this article, we analyzed the implications of this redefi­ni­tion for family medicine, focusing on early detection, op­por­tu­nis­tic screening, and the integrated management of women with PMOS. The main clinical manifestations, cur­rent diagnostic criteria, and recommendations regarding life­style interventions, management of metabolic and car­dio­vas­cu­lar risk factors, pharmacological treatment, as well as the assessment of mental health and quality of life are sum­ma­rized. In addition, practical tools designed to fa­ci­li­ta­te the identification of women at increased risk of PMOS in pri­mary care are presented, including a screening ques­tion­naire and a simplified clinical assessment and referral al­go­rithm. As the first point of contact within the healthcare sys­tem, family physicians play a key role in facilitating early diagnosis, implementing preventive measures, and co­or­di­na­ting the multidisciplinary management of women with PMOS.