Large Language Models Provide Accurate but Potentially Unsafe Answers to Multimodal Critical Care Medicine Board Review Questions

Key Points

This study aims to assess the accuracy and safety of ChatGPT-4o in answering critical care board review questions.
Observational study reviewing 183 critical care questions
Evaluated using a custom ChatGPT-4o profile in a simulated examination environment
Responses assessed by a panel of 14 experienced clinicians.
ChatGPT-4o achieved 74.9% correct answers, higher than clinicians' 71.1% (p=0.03)
Strength in question comprehension (87.4%) but lower in image interpretation (61.7%)
33.3% of responses carried a potential for clinical harm, primarily due to image interpretation errors.

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Observational study evaluates ChatGPT-4o's accuracy and potential dangers in critical care questions, suggesting caution in high-stakes use.

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Sethi et al. (2026) studied this question.

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