Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with bone and skin disorders, which adversely affect metabolic balance, cardiovascular health, and immune function. Although con-ventional detection methods exist, such as immunoassay, chromatographic methods, and liquid chromatography, mass spectroscopy, they are costly and involve complex sample preparation. These limitations restrict their application in point-of-care testing. This review aims to explore recent advances in nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors for vitamin D detection and eval-uate their potential for point-of-care testing. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using major scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Relevant studies were identified using keywords such as Vitamin D biosensor, electrochemical sensor, nanomaterials, and point-of-care testing. The selected publication was analyzed to assess sensor design, materials used, and analytical performance. Results: Nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors have significantly improved the sensitivity and selectivity of vitamin D detection. Platforms incorporating gold nanoparticles, molecularly imprinted polymers, two-dimensional nanomaterials, and hybrid nanocomposites demonstrate enhanced molecular recognition and signal amplification. Several reported systems achieve detection limits ranging from picomolar to low nanomolar levels with wide linear ranges and rapid response times. Discussion: Advances in nanomaterial engineering have improved the analytical performance of electrochemical sensing platforms and increased their potential for point-of-care testing. Emerg-ing materials, including doped carbon nanostructures, hybrid metal/metal oxide composites, and polymer-nanomaterial hybrids, provide enhanced signal amplification and molecular recognition. However, most systems remain at the laboratory stage. Further research is required for clinical validation, regulatory approval, and integration with portable diagnostic devices. Conclusion: Nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors have significantly improved vitamin D detection by enhancing sensitivity and analytical performance. These advances highlight their potential for developing reliable point-of-care testing.
Rathod et al. (Fri,) studied this question.