Unveiling the Rarity: Primary Xanthoma of the Temporal Bone in a Non-Hyperlipidemic Patient: A Case Report and Mini Review

A BSTRACT Primary intraosseous xanthoma is an uncommon soft tissue neoplasm characterized by the presence of lipid-laden tissue macrophages within the bone. Although predominantly observed in individuals with lipid disorders, there have been instances of its occurrence in non-lipemic individuals. This article presents a unique case of xanthoma involving the temporal bone in a patient without hyperlipoproteinemia. The review provides a comprehensive overview of primary intraosseous xanthoma, encompassing its diverse and rare anatomical locations and clinical manifestations. Diagnostic imaging modalities play a pivotal role in confirming the diagnosis and assessing the extent of adjacent structure involvement. Histopathological examination remains the gold standard for definitive diagnosis. While some cases are associated with hyperlipidemia, others manifest in patients with normal lipid profiles. Surgical excision is the preferred treatment modality, yielding generally favorable prognostic outcomes with no reported instances of recurrence in numerous cases. In summary, primary intraosseous xanthoma is a rare condition that necessitates a multidisciplinary approach for precise diagnosis and effective management. Further research endeavors are imperative to enhance our understanding of its pathogenesis, risk factors, and optimal therapeutic strategies. Heightened awareness, along with long-term follow-up, is crucial for timely detection and appropriate clinical intervention.