Scrotal Filariasis: a case report and clinical considerations

Lymphatic filariasis is a tropical disease caused by filariae such as Wuchereria bancrofti , which is often associated with rare complications in endemic areas. We report a case of a 56-year-old patient from French Polynesia with an 18 cm scrotal swelling. Surgery revealed a filarial worm and diffuse necrosis. The diagnosis of scrotal filariasis was confirmed by positive filariasis serologies. This is a rare case in French Polynesia due to its size. We describe clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management, highlighting epidemiological considerations specific to filariasis. This case of scrotal filariasis served as a starting point for reflection on the links between chronic lymphatic obstruction and persistent inflammation. In the coming years, it will therefore become increasingly common to treat patients with parasitic diseases outside endemic areas, whether due to changes in the distribution of pathogens or to increasing travel and migration. Finally, clinicians should be aware of the pathogenic links between lymphatic obstruction and chronic inflammation.