Multiresponsive Membrane Actuator Utilizing Cellulose to Reinforce Moisture Transport and Vertical Expansion in Graphene Oxide Sheets

To satisfy the application requirements of wearable technology in dynamically responsive and smart cooling textiles, this study developed a graphene oxide/cellulose/reduced graphene oxide (GO) (GCR) composite wearable membrane actuator. Utilizing graphene oxide/cellulose as the humidity-responsive layer, an asymmetric-structured soft-film actuator with rapid relative humidity response capability was fabricated. Comparative investigations were conducted on the effects of cellulose materials on GO interlayer water adsorption efficiency, layer expansion, and actuation performance. The integration of graphene oxide and cellulose enhanced water transport rates between graphene oxide layers and improved vertical volumetric expansion effects. The fabricated GCR actuator exhibits a sensitive humidity response and outstanding deformation capabilities, achieving a 225 °C humidity deformation and 400 °C photothermal deformation. It has potential applications in smart sweat-responsive textiles and soft robotics.