Plasma‐Activated Water Enhances Potato Growth, Physiology, and Yield: Effects of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species

Although plasma‐activated water (PAW) is known to promote early growth via reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), its yield effects have remained unclear. In this study, PAW was applied throughout the entire growth cycle of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.), resulting in a 35.40% increase in total yield, with tuber number per plant, average tuber weight, and commodity rate rising by 16.57%, 16.86%, and 15.36%, respectively. As signaling molecules, RONS in PAW activate the antioxidant system and promote plant morphological development, which together enhance matter accumulation and distribution, ultimately improving crop yield. This study demonstrates that RONS‐mediated regulation is the key mechanism underlying the yield‐promoting effect of PAW.