Integration of Three-dimensional Anatomical Models and Virtual Reality in Teaching Shalakyatantra with Special Emphasis on Supraclavicular Anatomy

Introduction: Shalakyatantra , an essential branch of Ayurveda dealing with disorders of the head and neck, demands a strong understanding of intricate anatomical structures. Traditional teaching methods often fail to convey spatial complexity effectively. Integrating three-dimensional (3D) anatomical models and virtual reality (VR) offers an interactive and immersive way to enhance student comprehension. Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of 3D and VR tools in teaching supraclavicular anatomy within Shalakyatantra and to assess student feedback on learning outcomes, engagement, and clinical relevance. Materials and Methods: This conceptual study was conducted among Ayurveda students using interactive 3D applications and VR modules designed to illustrate the eyes, ears, nose, oral cavity, brain, and Marma points. After each VR session, structured feedback was collected through a questionnaire including both Likert-scale and open-ended questions assessing understanding, clarity, engagement, and clinical relevance. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis. Results: More than 90% of students reported improved conceptual clarity and enhanced engagement compared to traditional methods. Students found that 3D and VR tools significantly improved the visualization of complex regions such as the orbit, nasal septum, and cranial fossae. They also reported better retention and confidence in applying anatomical knowledge to clinical procedures. Conclusions: Incorporating 3D and VR-based learning into Ayurvedic anatomy teaching substantially improves understanding, satisfaction, and clinical applicability. A hybrid model that combines classical textual learning with modern digital visualization offers the most effective educational approach in Shalakyatantra .