Coexistence of endometriosis and human papilloma virus: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose Recently, several studies have explored the potential association between endometriosis and human papillomavirus. This study aimed to investigate whether women with endometriosis are prone to human papillomavirus and whether women with human papillomavirus are prone to endometriosis. Method In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the search was performed on Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed from inception to August 2025. The quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. The pooled effect size (OR or proportion) was calculated using random-effects models. Egger's test and Begg's test were used for assessing publication bias. Result In total 12 studies with 38265 participants were included. The pooled prevalence estimates of human papillomavirus regardless of the type among women with endometriosis was 29.73 % [95% confidence interval (CI): 14.218 to 48.149; I 2 :93.93 %, n=8). Using a random-effects model, the estimated odds ratio of endometriosis in women with positive human papillomavirus was 1.226 (95 % CI: 0.87–1.724; p=0.243; I 2 :71.06 %, n=4). The estimated pooled odds ratio of human papillomavirus regardless of the type among women with endometriosis was 1.218 (95% CI: 0.569 to 2.608; I 2 =73.73 %; p=0.507, n=7). Conclusion Although this study indicates a higher prevalence of human papillomavirus in women with endometriosis, the pooled odds ratios showed that human papillomavirus and endometriosis do not significantly influence the risk of developing each other. The pooled prevalence estimate carries high heterogeneity, which limits interpretation. Additional research is necessary to investigate the relationship between human papillomavirus and endometriosis. PROSPERO registration code CRD420251132982