When and How Systems Fail: ROR/PNR in Incremental, Accelerated & Explosive Collapse

Systems fail according to their efficiency range (eR), range of return (RoR), and point of no return (PNR). This facetist study integrates the eR model with interdisciplinary case analyses to examine failure dynamics in artificial (human-made) systems. Drawing on mechanical (motorcycle-brick wall, gluing/welding/screwing), biological (muscle efficiency), socioeconomic (Portuguese PAYG pensions, healthcare, unemployment), and monetary (USD fiat with EUR/CHF comparisons) examples, the analysis classifies collapse as incremental, accelerated, or explosive. Inflation is framed as a built-in distortion mechanism that narrows eR and drives nominal asset price rises while eroding real value. The study emphasizes adaptability over original intent, distinguishing disadvantageous failure from terminal collapse, and acknowledges that natural self-organization operates at complexities beyond direct human emulation.