Analysis and optimization of Biodentine with cefixime-loaded zinc oxide nanoparticles in terms of mechanical properties and hydrolytic degradation

This study focuses on optimizing Biodentine by incorporating zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) loaded with the antimicrobial agent cefixime to enhance both its mechanical properties and antibacterial efficacy. ZnO NPs were synthesized using zinc acetate dihydrate and oxalic acid via the sol-gel method, and cefixime was loaded through solvent-mediated techniques. Characterization via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), and zeta potential confirmed the successful formation and stability of the nanoparticles. These drug-loaded NPs were then integrated into Biodentine for mechanical and structural evaluation. Results showed improved surface area, microhardness (Vickers), compressive strength, and reduced solubility without significantly altering the setting time. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and SEM analyses confirmed uniform nanoparticle dispersion and elemental composition, while pH remained within safe limits. The modified Biodentine demonstrated superior performance and antimicrobial potential, making it promising for long-term dental restorations. The study concludes that ZnO-cefixime nanocomposite Biodentine offers dual advantages of mechanical strength and infection control.