Freedom of the Press in Tunisia: The Problem of Reconciling Legislative Texts with the Constraints of Professional Practice

This study examines the evolution of press freedom in Tunisia following the political transformations initiated by the Revolution of January 14, 2011. It analyzes the relationship between the post-revolution legal framework, particularly Decrees No. 115 and No. 116 and the Constitution of 2014, and the realities of journalistic practice within the Tunisian media sector. The study focuses on the contradiction between progressive legislative reforms and the practical obstacles that continue to hinder their effective implementation. Although the new legal framework introduced important guarantees for freedom of expression and media pluralism, the continued reliance on punitive legislation outside the specialized press framework has limited the practical impact of these reforms. The research further highlights the close connection between media independence and the socio-economic conditions of journalists. Weak social protection, inadequate wages, and professional insecurity continue to expose journalists to political and financial pressures that undermine editorial independence. The study concludes that sustainable press freedom in Tunisia requires not only legal reform, but also stronger institutional guarantees, professional protection, and effective self-regulatory mechanisms capable of safeguarding journalistic autonomy and ethical standards.