This randomized trial develops a tool to enhance market efficiency in residential construction by enabling buyer-side verification of quotes, suggesting significant implications.
The current generation of AI tools for construction cost is built, almost without exception, to help the contractor quote faster, protect margin, and suggest upsells; it puts the informational advantage on the seller's side of a market where the buyer already cannot tell whether a quote is fair. This paper reports a tool built for the other side. Residential construction is a credence good, a purchase whose fair price the buyer cannot verify even after the work is done, and the economics of such markets holds that giving the buyer a means of verification would close the asymmetry. Yet when a large laboratory experiment (Dulleck, Kerschbamer, and Sutter, 2011) granted buyers verifiability, it changed market efficiency at best slightly, leaving a twenty-year puzzle. A feature of that work is easy to miss and central here: verifiability was handed to the buyer as a rule of the experiment, whereas in a real market no buyer has any instrument with which to verify a construction quote at all, and none has been deployed and studied. That tool is a verification gate, running in a live construction-cost service, that admits buyer-contributed quotations to a shared comparison board while preventing a malicious or mistaken contribution from corrupting it. The gate treats the model that reads a contribution as untrusted, allowing it only to propose structured fields with verbatim source spans and no capability to admit, write, or act; it verifies each field against the contribution's own text, re-derives reliability from agreement across repeated extractions rather than from the model's confidence, and decides by a deterministic, content-hashed function. Because the deciding component cannot act on an instruction, an instruction embedded in a contribution has no path to the decision, which we show at runtime as an invariance: the decision is unchanged whether the instruction is present or absent. The gate's components, untrusted proposal, source-grounded verification, deterministic re-verification, capability denial, and cryptographic auditability, are drawn from existing work and none is claimed as novel. The contribution is the position and the setting: to our knowledge the first deployed, buyer-side, verification-only gate in this credence-good market, offered as a field artifact for a verifiability question the discipline has examined only in the laboratory, and demonstrated on a live deployment through a controlled injection pair, a fabricated-field refusal, a fail-closed response to extractor failure, and reproducible decisions.
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Toshikatsu Oga (2026) studied this question.
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