Monte Carlo event generators for future lepton colliders

Monte Carlo event generators are essential tools in collider physics, providing the link between theoretical predictions and experimental measurements through fully exclusive event simulation. Future collider programmes, particularly high-precision lepton colliders, will place significantly increased demands on their accuracy and scope. This contribution reviews key challenges in MC generator development, including electroweak corrections, initial-state radiation, beam dynamics, perturbative QCD, and non-perturbative modelling. The discussion is not exhaustive and reflects a selective choice of topics.