Chimeric antigen receptor-based cell therapies provide rapid and persistent clinical improvement in neuroimmune disorders by depleting pathogenic B cells and plasma cells.
Do chimeric antigen receptor-based cell therapies improve clinical remission in patients with refractory neuroimmune disorders?
Chimeric antigen receptor-based immunotherapies represent a promising strategy to replace long-term immunosuppression with durable drug-free remission in refractory neuroimmune disorders.
Chimeric antigen receptor-engineered cell therapies provide a novel therapeutic approach for refractory neuroimmune disorders. These cell products penetrate deep into tissue and achieve long-term depletion of pathogenic B cells and plasma cells, supporting sustained immune tolerance and durable clinical remission. Chimeric antigen receptor-T cells, chimeric antigen receptor-natural killer cells, chimeric autoantigen receptor T cells, and chimeric antigen receptor-regulatory T cells selectively target and eliminate pathological immune effectors, reduce autoantibody levels, and help maintain long-term remission in multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, and autoimmune encephalitis. This review summarizes the therapeutic advance of chimeric antigen receptor-based cell therapies for neuroimmune disorders. Growing clinical evidence indicates that CD19-directed and B-cell maturation antigen-directed chimeric antigen receptor-T cells provide rapid and persistent clinical improvement even in patients with multiple prior treatment failures, accompanied by depletion of the B-cell lineage and sustained reduction in autoantibody titers. Key mechanisms include enhanced access across the blood-brain barrier, targeted lysis of tissue-resident memory B cells and long-lived plasma cells, and subsequent immune repertoire reconstitution. Important challenges remain incompletely defined, including long-term safety, late relapse, high manufacturing expenses, and restricted availability of autologous cell products. Further advances will require optimized chimeric antigen receptor architectures, off-the-shelf allogeneic platforms, and validation in large controlled clinical trials. This review presents a structured framework for future progress and highlights chimeric antigen receptor based immunotherapy as a pivotal strategy that replaces long term immunosuppression with durable drug free remission, thus reshaping the standard treatment model and redefining therapeutic goals for patients with neuroimmune disorders.
Su et al. (Sat,) conducted a review in neuroimmune disorders. Chimeric antigen receptor-based cell therapies was evaluated. Chimeric antigen receptor-based cell therapies provide rapid and persistent clinical improvement in neuroimmune disorders by depleting pathogenic B cells and plasma cells.