A comprehensive review of CO2 emission in the mechanical domain for researching green solutions

The comprehensive review aims to explore engineering solutions to reduce CO2 emissions through mechanical systems. Global warming is a sociopolitical issue because it involves reducing anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The Industrial Revolution and economic development have led to CO2 emissions from the burning of fossil fuels, while efforts to reduce emissions have been a focus during the post-COVID-19 pandemic. The rise of urbanization and the mitigation of climate change are driving forces behind the development of energy-efficient technologies for a sustainable future. 79% of electricity generation in India is coal-based, undermining the utility of hybrid electric technology in reducing CO2 emissions at par with battery electric vehicles. Environmental sustainability in reducing emissions requires the use of a high-energy-density battery system to mitigate energy storage for the on-road transport sector.