Acoustic performance of smart sandwich cylindrical shells: synergistic effects of functionally graded porous piezoelectric facesheets and graphene origami auxetic metamaterial cores under thermal loading

This research presents a comprehensive investigation into the acoustic transmission characteristics of advanced sandwich cylindrical shells featuring functionally graded porous piezoelectric (FGPP) facesheets and functionally graded graphene origami (GOri)-enabled auxetic metamaterial (FG-GOEAM) cores supported by Pasternak elastic foundations under various thermal loading conditions. The facesheet material gradation adheres to a modified power-law distribution, and four specific porosity patterns are thoroughly analyzed to assess their acoustic effects. The core layer has functionally graded GOri structures that demonstrate a negative Poisson’s ratio and exceptional thermal stability, resulting in improved sound transmission loss (STL) performance. Governing equations are formulated through Hamilton’s principle combined with third-order shear deformation theory (TSDT), with solutions obtained via Fourier series expansion methodology. Extensive parametric analyses demonstrate that acoustic transmission loss is significantly influenced by multiple coupled parameters including power-law gradient index, porosity distribution pattern, externally applied piezoelectric voltage, elastic foundation parameters, acoustic wave incidence angle, thermal field intensity and profile, GOri volumetric content, through-thickness distribution scheme, and origami folding degree. Results reveal that strategic manipulation of these parameters enables substantial improvements in sound insulation capabilities.