Nucleic sexual hormone receptor signaling pathways in breast cancer: function regulation, crosstalk, and therapeutic implications

Sexual hormone receptors (SHRs) are essential for breast cancer (BCa) pathogenesis. BCa is a prevalent malignancy with high heterogeneity and high recurrence. Endocrine resistance remains a major clinical challenge. SHR-mediated transcription involves complex epigenetic, post-translational, and inter-receptor crosstalk, and dysregulation of these processes contributes to endocrine resistance. This review aims to summarize the current progress on the molecular mechanism underlying the function of nucleic SHRs in BCa, providing insights for the novel therapeutic strategies in BCa.