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This analysis examines regional inequality dynamics in Turkey using firm-level data, indicating complex patterns of convergence and divergence.
This paper examines regional inequality dynamics in Turkey over the 2006–2024 period using firm-level administrative data from the Entrepreneur Information System (GBS). Drawing on 22.85 million firm-year observations across 81 provinces and 19 years, we apply sigma convergence analysis at three spatial scales: provincial (81 NUTS-3 units), regional (26 NUTS-2 units), and within-region. The findings reveal a three-phase pattern: convergence during 2006–2012, near-stagnation during 2013–2019, and sharp divergence post-2020. Crisis-exclusion tests confirm that convergence episodes partially reflect deterioration rather than genuine catch-up. No locomotive province is identified at the national level.
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Sinan Borluk (2026) studied this question.
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