Innovative graphene-based solar absorber: An Artificial Intelligence optimized ultrawideband multilayer design for renewable mining energy applications

Solar thermal energy has gained significant attention as an environmentally friendly approach for mitigating air pollution while meeting the growing energy demands of industrial and technological sectors. In this work, a graphene-based multilayer solar thermal absorber is proposed, incorporating Zirconium (Zr), Iron Oxide (Fe 3 O 4 ) and Titanium nitride (TiN) to enhance optical and thermal performance. The absorber design is systematically optimized using parametric analysis to improve absorption efficiency across the solar spectrum. The optimized configuration demonstrates an exceptional absorption efficiency of 95.35% over a bandwidth of 1800 nm and maintains a high absorptance of 90.75% across an extended bandwidth of 2800 nm, effectively covering the full solar spectral range. Furthermore, owing to its scalability and industrial relevance, the absorber can be employed in large-scale thermal systems for electricity generation, enabling efficient power supply for lighting, industrial machinery, and other energy-intensive operations. The results highlight the potential of graphene-based multilayer absorbers for sustainable energy conversion and industrial heat management.