Regenerative therapies in rehabilitation with interfaces with occupational medicine, geriatrics, and oncology: the example of extracorporeal shock wave therapy

BACKGROUND: Regenerative therapies are increasingly integrated into modern rehabilitation medicine. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) represents a central modality within this framework, extending beyond symptom control toward enabling functional recovery across disciplines including occupational medicine, geriatrics, and oncology. In addition, its potential socioeconomic impact is of growing relevance. METHODS: This work comprises a narrative synthesis integrating concepts of regenerative medicine, rehabilitation, prehabilitation, prevention, and health economics, with a focus on ESWT as a mechanotherapeutic intervention. RESULTS: Rehabilitation is based on a biopsychosocial model targeting body functions, activities, and participation. By reducing pain, modulating inflammation, and promoting tissue regeneration, ESWT acts as a biological "enabler" thereby, facilitating active rehabilitation strategies. In oncological settings, ESWT may support the management of treatment-related functional impairments. In occupational medicine and geriatrics, it contributes to maintaining ability to work and independence. From a socioeconomic perspective, ESWT may reduce healthcare utilization, prevent chronicity, shorten the duration of rehabilitation, and facilitate return to work, thereby lowering indirect costs. While evidence for primary prevention is lacking, ESWT is relevant in tertiary and quaternary prevention. CONCLUSION: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy represents a key component of regenerative rehabilitation strategies. Its function-oriented and potentially cost-effective application enhances mobility, participation, and quality of life, particularly in ageing and multimorbid populations.