Political transition and challenge to democratic consolidation in Nigeria

Nigeria as a nation gained independence on 1 October 1960. Before independence, the country exclusively adopted a traditional system of governance, dominated by the Yoruba in the Western region, Hausa/Fulani in the Northern region, and the Igbo segmented system in the Eastern region. The pre-colonial era (pre-1500), colonial era (1800–1960), and post-colonial era (1970s and early 1980s) were the major transitions in the political history of Nigeria, which reshaped its mode of governance. The transition to democratic government in 1999 marked the emergence of the Post-Colonial era, ending decades of military dictatorship. This paper examines transitional stages in the Nigerian political system, identifies major challenges to democratic consolidation, and proffers a way forward. It was believed that independence would lead to party transformation and democratic consolidation that would ensure state ownership, a credible election that would secure the political needs of the people. Data were collected through a secondary source, and a qualitative research design was adopted. The findings revealed that the challenges faced by the country have serious implications for political transition and democratic consolidation in Nigeria. It contributes to knowledge through theoretical integration and recommends commitment to institutional reforms and good governance for a successful democratic consolidation.