Volume XLII-B demonstrates isothermal halos and flat rotation curves in galaxies, highlighting new theoretical insights.
Volume XLII‑B develops a complete R-layer derivation of flat galactic rotation curves within R-layer Mode Theory (RLMT).Starting from the Einstein–tension equations, the volume derives the R-layer Newtonian limit and shows that an AUP-dominant outer R-layer with a scale-invariant tension gradient naturally produces an isothermal density profile ρ(r) ∝ r⁻² and a flat rotation curve v(r) ≈ const.The analysis connects the isothermal halo to the AUP/MUP/CUP hierarchy, mode imbalance, R-waves, and the R-layer renormalization-group fixed point.Ultra-light AUP modes generate wavelike density granularity consistent with gravitational-lensing anomalies, and the layer hierarchy supports the early emergence of chemically primitive galaxies.
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Tsuyoshi Tohi (2026) studied this question.
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