Multifunctional flexible BaTiO₃/MoS₂ nanocomposite embedded in silicone matrix for next-generation eye blink sensing, energy harvesting, and wearable electronics

In recent years, the integration of advanced material systems has shown remarkable potential for the development of high-performance motion sensors. Among them, only a limited number have demonstrated potential for integration into wearable electronics with energy-harvesting capabilities. Herein, a MoS 2 /BaTiO 3 nanocomposite was developed and employed as a self-powered, standalone sensor node for a mechanical imparting sensing device. Specifically, the optical absorption of the MoS 2 /BaTiO 3 nanocomposite was tuned by adjusting the concentration of BaTiO₃ nanoparticles. Notably, the nanocomposite not only improved charge separation but also reduced the band gap compared to the BaTiO 3 nanoparticles. It proved ideal for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, which was subsequently stored in a capacitor. Impressively, the sensor node is highly flexible and capable of detecting eye blinking with a high signal level (~2.26 V). This performance significantly exceeds that of traditional electrooculograms (~1 mV) and triboelectric nanogenerators (~750 mV) used in human–machine interfaces. Notably, the generated signals can trigger wireless communication and remotely control the movement of a robotic hand. The developed sensor demonstrates strong potential for application in communication interfaces for individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and in blink-triggered exoskeleton control.