Key result
In three patients with cardiac complications after immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, unique cytokine activation profiles were observed, with IL-8 being predominantly elevated.
Case Report (n=3)
Unique cytokine activation patterns, particularly involving IL-8, may reflect the severity and specific type of cardiac complications following immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
Case series on ICI cardiotoxicity cytokines is hypothesis-generating; prospective studies needed before any clinical role.
We herein report the cytokine expression at different stages for three patients who developed cardiac complications after immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. Case 1 with biopsy-proven myocarditis showed increased levels of interleukin (IL)-8, monocyte chemotactic and activating factor, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) when he developed Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Case 2 with subclinical myocarditis showed predominant activation of IL-8 during the progressive clinical course. Case 3 with cytokine-releasing syndrome showed substantial activations of IL-6, IL-8, GM-CSF, and interferon-γ. Our data suggest the development of unique cytokine activation in individual patients with cardiac complications after ICI therapy.
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Tsuruda et al. (2020) conducted a case report in Cardiac complications after immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy (n=3). Immune checkpoint inhibitors (pembrolizumab, nivolumab) was evaluated on Cytokine expression levels. In three patients with cardiac complications after immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, unique cytokine activation profiles were observed, with IL-8 being predominantly elevated.
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