Randomized trial reveals geometric proof of Goldbach's conjecture using primorials and symmetry groups, suggesting new insights into prime distributions.
This paper paper presents an unconditional, geometric proof of Goldbach's conjecture viewed as a structural symmetry inherent to regular cross-polytopes. Core Methodology and Findings:Unlike traditional analytical frameworks that rely on quantitative asymptotic estimations (such as the Hardy-Littlewood circle method or sieve theory), this work models prime distributions using a deterministic prime machine M_k built upon the k-th primorial M_k = p_1 * p_2 * ... * p_k. The proof establishes a closure operator on the geometric configuration by linking three structural pillars: Completeness: Inside the machine's window I_k = (p_k, p_k^2], the orbit minima under the action of the symmetry group G_k = (Z/2Z)^(k-1) coincide exactly with the prime numbers. The vertices of the cross-polytope are not external labels but structurally generated prime orbits. Exact Antipodal Symmetry: The coprime residue classes modulo M_k partition cleanly into phi(M_k)/2 antipodal pairs via the involution sigma_k : a -> M_k - a with no defect or asymptotic corrections. Surjective Projection onto Chords and Diameters: For every even integer n > 2p_k, the target residue r = n mod M_k maps surjectively to established chords or diameters of the cross-polytope beta_(phi(M_k)/2) whose endpoints are verified prime generators of the machine. Key Content and Verifications: The Matchstick Game: A didactic, geometric construction illustrating how spatial directions correspond to prime numbers and form mirror symmetries. Low-Level Configurations: Detailed mapping at k=3 where the machine yields a 4-dimensional 16-cell with vertices {1, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29} mod 30. Multiplicity Theorem: Provides a closed-form combinatorial bound on the number of representation pairs, mirroring the Polignac chord count. Numerical Validations: Verified algebraic and structural criteria for levels k = 3, 4, 5, 6. Analytical Context:The manuscript concludes with a methodological discussion aligning the geometric machine reading with modern unconditional sieve-analytic records, such as the Montgomery-Vaughan exceptional set theorem. It shows that the classical analytical limits act as an asymptotic shadow of the exact closed-form multiplicity found on the cross-polytope.
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Thomas Krause (2026) studied this question.
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