Factors Associated with Length of Hospital Stay in Pleural Empyema: A Retrospective Study

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate clinical, biochemical, microbiological, and treatment-related factors associated with the length of hospital stay in patients with pleural empyema.Material and MethodMedical records of patients treated for pleural empyema between 2017 and 2025 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, pleural fluid analyses, microbiological results, and treatment modalities were analyzed. Statistical analyses included the Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and Spearman correlation analysis.Results58 patients were included (82.8% male; mean age 56.0 ± 16.9 years). Surgical management was applied in 50% of cases. Chronic disease and malignancy were associated with prolonged stay (p = 0.025 and p = 0.038, respectively). Pleural fluid white blood cell levels were positively correlated with length of stay (p= 0.004).ConclusionThis study emphasizes the importance of an early, individualized approach to the management of pleural empyema. Elevated pleural inflammatory markers and the presence of chronic disease or malignancy were associated with prolonged hospitalization. Inflammatory burden and accompanying comorbidities should be considered when selecting treatment strategies in empyema management.