Tuning Piezoelectricity and Pyroelectricity in Poly(vinylidene fluoride) through Ionic Liquid Anion-Size Directed Polymorph and Interface Engineering

∼ 6.3 V), ultrasensitive low-pressure detection and rapid capacitor charging (τ ≤ 26 s). The flexible device also demonstrated real-time responsiveness to dynamic changes for effective wireless IoT-enabled gesture and cardiovascular monitoring. Furthermore, we leverage electrode-interface optimization to record pyroelectric responsivity under varying thermal gradients, establishing anion-precise IL engineering as a transformative paradigm, surpassing limitations for wearable health monitors, therapeutic implants, and IoT sensors.