Extensive Chromoblastomycosis Presenting with Elephantiasis-like Changes of the Lower Limb: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic granulomatous fungal infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by dematiaceous fungi and typically occurs following traumatic implantation of fungal elements into the skin. The disease predominantly affects individuals residing in tropical and subtropical regions and commonly involves the lower extremities. The clinical presentation is variable, ranging from nodular and verrucous plaques to tumorous lesions. Long-standing untreated disease may lead to complications such as fibrosis, ulceration, secondary bacterial infection, and chronic lymphedema resembling elephantiasis. We report a case of extensive chromoblastomycosis involving the lower limb in an adult patient presenting with large verrucous cauliflower-like plaques associated with elephantiasis-like swelling of the affected leg. Direct microscopic examination revealed characteristic sclerotic bodies and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis. The patient was managed with systemic antifungal therapy and supportive measures. This case highlights the importance of early recognition of chromoblastomycosis, particularly in endemic regions, to prevent chronic complications and disability.