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July 3, 2026Journal of Patient Safety and Risk Management

Chart-documented onsite escalation-of-care during outpatient parenteral ketamine: A 15-year safety and risk management audit of 1985 IV/IM sessions in Japan

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Authors

KTKei ToriiMJMaho Jinno

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Overview

Retrospective audit documents escalation of care events in outpatient parenteral ketamine sessions, indicating safety levels.

Key Points

  • This audit aims to estimate the frequency of onsite escalation-of-care events during outpatient parenteral ketamine sessions.
  • Retrospective chart audit of outpatient IV/IM ketamine sessions at two clinics in Japan.
  • Included adults (≥18 years) who underwent the parenteral sessions between 2010 and 2025.
  • Two clinicians reviewed session records for Tier 1 escalation events and calculated upper bounds.
  • No Tier 1 escalation-of-care events were documented across 1985 sessions (0/1985), leading to a one-sided 95% upper confidence bound of 0.15%.
  • Specific session results indicated IV events at 0.17% and IM events at 1.44%.
  • The overall patient-level upper bound was found to be 1.01% (0/296).

Cite This Study

Torii et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a4753885c29257aa2579ae7https://doi.org/10.1177/25160435261466115
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