What competencies do pre-service teachers need? (an empirical study on the competencies of entrepreneurship pre-service teachers with 2nd order CFA)

Purpose Few researchers have formulated the competencies of entrepreneurship pre-service teachers. This paper aims to clarify the competencies that entrepreneurship pre-service teachers should possess. Design/methodology/approach This study employs an ex post facto survey method, and proceeds with a quantitative analysis model using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique to examine the constructs that form the variable of entrepreneurship pre-service teacher competencies. The sample was selected using a random sampling technique. The study involved 163 pre-service teachers as respondents. Findings Entrepreneurial, intrapersonal, organizational, professional competences and communication are constructs of pre-service entrepreneurship teachers. Entrepreneurial, intrapersonal, and organizational competencies constitute the highest construct of pre-service teacher competencies in entrepreneurship. In other words, an entrepreneurship pre-service teacher should have Entrepreneurial, intrapersonal, organizational and professional competencies, as well as communication competency, to be considered competent. Originality/value Developing countries suffer from teacher shortages including entrepreneurship teachers. Only few research explores entrepreneurship pre-service teacher competencies. The contribution of this study is to construct and test the competencies of entrepreneurship pre-service teachers, providing a reference for policy in recruiting entrepreneurship teachers.