Science Learning Technology: STEM Integrated Internet of Things and Powered Physical Variables of Plant Environment Control (IoT-P2VPEC) for Enhancing Computational Thinking and Digital Literacy

The Internet of Things integrated with Powered Physical Variables of Plant Environment Control (IoT-P2VPEC) in science experiments offers learning innovations which are relevant to the demands of the 21st century, particularly mastery of digital literacy, critical thinking, and technology-based problem solving. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of IoT-P2VPEC-based STEM learning on pre-service science teachers’ computational thinking (CT) and digital literacy (DL) skills. The research used a quasi-experimental design involving two classes: STEM learning integrated with IoT-P2VPEC and scientific learning with stages of discovery learning. The sample, determined through cluster random sampling, consisted of 63 third-year students from Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. The instruments included tests, questionnaires, and observation sheets; their validity and reliability were assessed using Content Validity Ratio, Fleiss’ kappa, and the Rasch model. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, quantitative-qualitative conversion, multivariate analysis of variance, and effect size. The results revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) between the two classes. The effect sizes for pre-service science teachers’ CT and DL were 0.82 and 0.85, respectively; both were classified as large effect sizes. The findings confirm that IoT-P2VPEC is suitable for implementation in teacher education to strengthen CT and DL skills, and potentially replicable in other STEM-based science experiments.