Advancing palladium PEDOT molecularly imprinted nanoelectrochemical sensing interface for selective dual detection of Helicobacter pylori BabA antigen and antibody

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative microaerophilic bacterium that secretes several endotoxins to induce stomach and duodenum diseases. Herein, a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) based electrochemical and immuno-sensor was developed for the determination of H. pylori-specific BabA antigen ( BabA Ag) and antibody ( BabA Ab), respectively. The foremost step is the electropolymerization of palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) and poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) onto the electrode surface. The second step involves the fabrication of an electropolymerization-based BabA Ag recognition platform (MIP) at the screen-printed gold electrode surface. Thirdly, anti- BabA Ab was used to further cross-validate MIP BabA and BabA Ag binding on the fabricated electrode. The fabricated MIP BabA /PdNPs/PEDOT sensor detects the variable concentrations of BabA Ag under electrochemical studies. The imprinted polymer was characterized with scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. The electrochemical studies demonstrated the high sensitivity of the sensor with a low detection limit of 0.1 ng/ml in a linear dynamic range of 0.1–50 ng/ml BabA. The prospect of work includes the integration of a developed detection technique with a lab-on-a-chip kit, as accurate and early detection of H. pylori -associated biomarkers such as BabA is important for timely diagnosis and monitoring of gastric disorders, including gastric cancer.