Novel indene-based luminescent allyl radicals demonstrate efficient emission characteristics, suggesting design principles for radical emitters.
We report a novel indene-based allyl radical ( ARI-Ph ) and three donor–acceptor (D–A) derivatives ( DPA-ARI-Ph, ARI-TPA, and ARI-Ph-DPA ). Single-crystal X-ray analysis confirms their allyl type structures. Photophysical studies reveal that emission efficiency is governed by vibronic coupling and structural rigidity. ARI-Ph-DPA shows the lowest reorganization energy and minimal overlap between high-frequency vibrations and the charge-transfer pathway. This work presents stable luminescent allyl radicals and offers a design principle for radical emitters.
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Han et al. (2026) studied this question.
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