Recent advances in structural tuning and multifunctional performance optimization of polyphenylene oxide

Polyphenylene oxide (PPO) is an important engineering thermoplastic. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the modification of PPO aimed at improving its dielectric, flame-retardant, tribological, and mechanical properties. Furthermore, recent strategies for improving the performance of PPO, and their applications, including redistribution, hyperbranched, thermosetting modification, blending, composite material reinforcement, nanomaterial incorporation, and others are overviewed. Finally, an outlook is provided on the challenges and opportunities for PPO in applications.