Methods for studying gamma delta T lymphocytes in dermatology

Objective. To systematize modern methods for isolation and analysis of γδ T lymphocytes from human skin and to evaluate their advantages, limitations and applicability in the study of dermatological diseases. Materials and methods. A review of scientific publications on protocols for isolating γδ T cells from skin, including mechanical and enzymatic dissociation, magnetic and fluorescent sorting, explant culture and random migration, was carried out. Specific features of working with human skin are considered. Results. Isolation of cutaneous γδ T lymphocytes is associated with a number of methodological challenges, including low cell abundance, necessity of their viability and functional activity preservation as well as the risk of damaging surface markers during enzymatic processing. Optimal protocols vary depending on the study objectives: gentle enzymes (collagenase D, liberase) are preferred for immunophenotyping, while explant culture and short-term cell recovery after dissociation are effective for functional tests and cultivation. Conclusion. The choice of method for isolating γδ T lymphocytes should consider the specifics of the study. Standardization of protocols, minimization of cell damage and development of new approaches such as 3D cultures are promising areas. Further research in this area may contribute to a better understanding of the role of γδ T cells in the pathogenesis of skin diseases and the development of targeted therapies.