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Review evaluates teratozoospermia's impact on male infertility and miscarriage, suggesting new research directions.
An increased percentage of spermatozoa with defects visible under light-optical microscopy — teratozoospermia, is a frequent violation of sperm quality in men from childless couples. The role of teratozoospermia in infertility and miscarriage has been a topic of debate over the past decades. This review is devoted to the evolution of views on the role of morphology in male reproductive function and reflects the latest data on the relationship of sperm morphology with various genetic and epigenetic features of male gametes: aneuploidy, DNA methylation and fragmentation, protamination, oxidative stress and other functional disorders affecting both the probability of conception and the prognosis of its successful development. The prospects for further research have been assessed.
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Kisorauskas et al. (2026) studied this question.
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