Synergistic Lattice Stabilization and Bandgap Tuning in Wide-Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells

doping during the regulation of crystallization kinetics, promoting the formation of a stable alloy phase and effectively passivating halide vacancies. This synergistic regulation strategy significantly improves the film's crystallinity, extends carrier lifetime, and reduces the density of trap states. WBG perovskite solar cells fabricated using this optimized film achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.53%. Notably, after 1500 h of continuous maximum power point tracking (MPPT) testing under 1 sun irradiance, the unencapsulated devices retained 80% of their initial PCE.