Modular Flow Dynamical Explanation of Cosmic Accelerated Expansion: A Self-Referential Unified Framework Based on Algebraic Ontology and Scale Relativity Reading System

Mainstream cosmology attributes the accelerated expansion of the universe to a mysterious entity with negative pressure known as "dark energy". However, this explanation presupposes an untested absolute premise: that three-dimensional space is an objectively expanding substantial container. Based on the algebraic ontology of modular quantum flag manifold, this paper proposes a novel dynamical interpretation: the universe has never expanded in physical space, nor does dark energy exist. The so-called accelerated expansion is purely a "geometric reading distortion" arising from the intrinsic ultraviolet-infrared (UV-IR) duality of the modular operator, when the reference frame anchor of the observer (and its technological extension: observational instruments) is passively shifted toward the ultraviolet end driven by the unidirectional evolution of the underlying algebraic structure via modular flow. This paper thoroughly dispels the concept of "spatial substance", unifies the cosmological constant, Hubble redshift and the history of technological evolution into a closed "self-excitation loop of scale readings", and further clarifies that entropy increase, aging, the arrow of time and the improvement of instrument precision are all projections of the same underlying modular flow dynamics in different dimensions.