Parent–Child Attachment in Adoptive Families of Children With Disabilities

This study examined how child disability status relates to attachment in adoptive families. Using cross-sectional survey data from 4,002 adoptive parents in the United States, we compared parent-reported attachment for children with and without identified disabilities. Using multiple regression analyses, the study investigated the association between child disability and attachment while controlling for child demographics and adoption-related factors. Across all disability categories, parents reported significantly lower attachment when their child had a disability. Older age at adoptive placement, adoptions from foster care or intercountry adoptions, and a prior relationship with the child were also associated with lower attachment, whereas receiving post-adoption services predicted stronger attachment. Findings underscore the importance of early, disability-informed adoption-competent supports to promote secure attachment.