This consensus establishes a unified nomenclature for the congenital bicuspid aortic valve and its aortopathy to standardize clinical, surgical, and research practices.
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Adoption standardizes communication and decision-making for clinicians and surgeons; extends classification to enable consistent multicenter research.
This International Consensus Classification and Nomenclature for the congenital bicuspid aortic valve condition recognizes 3 types of bicuspid valves: 1. The fused type (right-left cusp fusion, right-non-coronary cusp fusion and left-non-coronary cusp fusion phenotypes); 2. The 2-sinus type (latero-lateral and antero-posterior phenotypes); and 3. The partial-fusion (forme fruste) type. The presence of raphe and the symmetry of the fused type phenotypes are critical aspects to describe. The International Consensus also recognizes 3 types of bicuspid valve-associated aortopathy: 1. The ascending phenotype; 2. The root phenotype; and 3. Extended phenotypes.
Michelena et al. (2021) conducted a review in Congenital bicuspid aortic valve and its aortopathy. The international consensus statement recognized 3 types of congenital bicuspid valves (fused, 2-sinus, partial-fusion) and 3 types of associated aortopathy (ascending, root, extended phenotypes).