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July 8, 2026The Law and Development Review

Internalising Environmental Obligations under New-Generation FTAs: Adaptive Coordination and Domestic Green Transition in Vietnam

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Authors

THThi Hai Yen HoangHue UniversityHNHuu Khanh Linh NguyenHue University

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Overview

This article develops a theory of internalising environmental obligations in developing economies, indicating its implications for Vietnam's governance capacity.

Key Points

  • The aim is to explore how environmental obligations in free trade agreements are integrated into domestic governance in Vietnam.
  • Conducted doctrinal analysis of the EVFTA, CPTPP, and relevant Vietnamese legal instruments.
  • Conceptualised internalisation as a three-layer process involving normative translation, institutional coordination, and compliance infrastructure.
  • Examined the practical challenges in transforming legal compatibility into effective green reforms.
  • Vietnam shows significant gaps between legal compatibility and true substantive internalisation of environmental obligations.
  • Recognised challenges include institutional fragmentation and firm-level compliance burdens affecting green transition efforts.
  • The findings indicate a shift in trade law focus from tariff liberalisation to incorporating environmental governance.

Cite This Study

Hoang et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a4de9add2ea289ef6283cb4https://doi.org/10.1515/ldr-2026-0043
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