Impact of Saturation Variability on Dynamic Tunnel-Soil Interaction Under Repeated Shaking: 1 g Experimental Insights

In tunnel‑soil interaction studies, the effect of ground saturation and its impact under repeated shaking events were limited. This research explores the tunnel-soil interaction using a 1:10 square tunnel embedded ground with 25%, 50%, and 75% saturation subjected to repeated incremental acceleration loading of 0.1 g, 0.2 g, 0.3 g, 0.4 g and 0.5 g with 40 s duration using uniaxial shake table fecility. No significant deformation was observed for 25% ground saturation despite repeated incremental acceleration loading. The generation of pore water pressures and associated liquefaction and reliquefaction susceptibility in 50% and 75% due to repeated incremental acceleration loading impacts the ground response, affecting tunnel performance and stability.