Examination of the psychometric properties of three questionnaires measuring cognitive-behavioral processes in adjustment to bereavement among Iranian adults

The cross-cultural validation of measures assessing grief-related cognitive and behavioral processes is important to ensure that these processes can be assessed reliably across cultures. This study translated and validated the Farsi versions of three measures assessing grief-related cognitive and behavioral processes: Grief Cognitions Questionnaire (GCQ), Depressive and Anxious Avoidance in Prolonged Grief Questionnaire (DAAPGQ), and Experienced Unrealness Scale (EUS) among 534 bereaved Iranian adults. Results supported a one-factor structure for the EUS, a two-factor structure for the DAAPGQ, and a modified five-factor structure for the GCQ that differed from the original model, possibly reflecting cultural variation in grief-related cognitions among Iranian bereaved individuals. Reliability was acceptable to excellent (α = .82–.95, ω = .82–.94). Correlations were strongest with prolonged grief severity. These findings support the reliability, validity, and cultural applicability of the Farsi GCQ, DAAPGQ, and EUS for bereavement research and clinical assessment in Iranian and Farsi-speaking populations.