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Mesoscale hollow spheres of ceramic materials can be prepared by templating an appropriate sol–gel precursor against a crystalline array of monodisperse polystyrene beads, as demonstrated here. Spheres of well-controlled, uniform size and homogeneous wall thickness result, as can be seen from the Figure, which shows the TEM cross-sectional view of an array of TiO2 hollow spheres.
Zhong et al. (2000) studied this question.